IP: An Internet Protocol address ( IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Three-way handshake (active open), retransmission, and error-detection adds to reliability but lengthens latency. The server must be listening (passive open) for connection requests from clients before a connection is established. TCP is connection-oriented, and a connection between client and server is established before data can be sent.

Major internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, remote administration, and file transfer rely on TCP, which is part of the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP suite. TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). TCP: The Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Wireshark: Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. Kali: Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.

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